Dynamic Reflections in Fluid Environments: Transforming Toilets through Cultural and Sensory experience
Architecture
Central Glass International Architectural Design Competition 2024.
Theme: Toilet
Judges: Jun Aoki (chief judge), Tadao Kamei, Goichi Kamochi, Yoshiharu Tsukamoto, Junya Ishigami, Suzuko Yamada
First place
Concept/Project Description:
Prefece
Through iterations of the public toilet pavilion that integrates historical typologies into a new, so to speak, out-of-experience, architectural typology, theoretical models are created that serve as a basis for installation in the real physical context. The models vary from completely transparent to completely massive, exploring the entire range of responses to possible contextual situations. The context is the urban space of a Mediterranean city. By incorporating one of the offered solutions, the character and nature of the urban space would change. Conceptually, the pavilions are an integration of public space, a green oasis\garden, and the toilet function. Through various spatial solutions, the selection of materials, and the planting of Mediterranean greenery, various scenarios of using spatial qualities will be realized. From public to private. From a space of light to a space of darkness. The diverse use of materials will contribute to the degrees of privacy of using the space and realizing the toilet function.
The project finds its meaning in the increase in temperature in summer due to current climate changes, the strong need for public urban space, a space for rest and a space for socializing, and the use of public toilets as a hygienic and aesthetic element of the urban infrastructure of a city.
The models, in the style of J. L. Durand and his publication "Précis des leçons d'architecture données à l'École royale polytechnique", are divided typologically and taxatically. Four rows, four columns. A row indicates a type, a column an elaboration/variant of the same. But this mathematicality is not literal, but intuitive in nature. Using references from the history of architecture, motifs, i.e. urban spaces from one's own city (Zadar, Croatia), and one's own artistic aspirations, abstract spatial models were created that are "inhabited" by the function of a public toilet, a Mediterranean garden as a place for a break, and new transitional types of space in order to create a transitional connection from public to private space.
- The first row refers to the character of the pavilion in the style of J. Paxton's idea of the Crystal Palace; through elements of axial symmetry, the use of glass and its transparency as a motif, and the planting of Mediterranean plants within the greenhouse pavilion, where each pavilion creates a specific path to the toilet.
- The second refers to the ambiance of ancient baths, and their massive stereotomic character - a system of monumental enfilades with a concrete orthogonal construction as a foil above as a sign and symbol within which is the garden/forest space. The toilets and greenery are outdoors.
- The third takes on the idea of the roof as an element of context. Since the Mediterranean is a rich and wide geographical area, it includes many cultures and various building technologies and consequently various roof structures, and here the main ones are thematized: a hipped roof, a gable roof, a barrel roof, and various combinations of the aforementioned. The idea of protection from external influences; rain, sun, snow, etc., and the idea of the contextuality of the place are also thematized.
- The fourth refers to the idea of prefabricated elements, such as prefabricated structures whose reorganization articulates the new space of the pavilion. Rejected quarry stone elements, discarded concrete beams, Virendell girders, steel I-sections, etc. Created through a combination of open and closed spaces, they suggest varying degrees of privacy and public space. This type suggests the context of a former industrial city.
Introduction
Urban spaces in Mediterranean cities are a collage, a fusion, an amalgam of nature, culture, and technology—all in the service of a continuous flow of activities. Squares, these historical epicenters of public life, must constantly transform to remain relevant in our saturated, hyperactive times. This project deals with the redefinition of public toilets—these neglected utilitarian spaces—through contemporary technology and deep cultural integration, creating heterotopian spaces full of sensory stimulations and social interactions. Special emphasis is placed on blending the climatic and cultural specificities of the Mediterranean into unique public spaces.
The proposed public toilets project uses advanced technological systems to amplify the sensory experience. The surface of the square becomes a field of point-grid perforations through which water, air, and scents erupt, transforming the space according to the needs of users and weather conditions. This system enables various configurations of dispersion—from misty vaporizations to intense rain, creating an ambiance that suits the moment. The air system, with temperature regulation capabilities, creates a pleasant atmosphere in every season. Natural scents, infused with the aromas of Mediterranean herbs, further enhance the sensory experience, providing authentic freshness and atmosphere. This technological innovation uses recycled water and energy-efficient components, minimizing the ecological footprint in a world facing challenges of excessive waste.
Architectural Integration and Cultural Heritage
Public toilet pavilions are a reflection, reinterpretation, and collage of historical architectural typologies—from ancient baths to contemporary spa centers. These are not literal replicas but contemporary metamorphoses. The most characteristic proposals are presented here. Using materials such as glass, concrete, stone, and brick—in all their possible combinations and treatments—transparent, translucent, opaque, smooth, rough—the pavilions offer various degrees of privacy and functionality. This approach allows for a symbiotic relationship between contemporary architectural aspirations and cultural codes, creating a visually and functionally layered space.
Each pavilion integrates local Mediterranean flora—olives, lavender, rosemary, citrus—not only to amplify the sensory experience but also to contribute to reducing CO2 emissions, making the space environmentally sustainable. They also create a fluid transition from fully public to fully private. The walking surface and pavilions are designed to encourage interaction and community, adapting to the needs of users and seasonal fluctuations. During the day, the spaces transform—from refreshing morning water effects to intimate evening relaxation zones. This dynamic allows for a wide range of activities, creating a space that is always in tune with the moment. By combining technology, ecology, and aesthetics, the toilets become an adaptable and sensory-rich space, promoting community and interaction.
This approach turns the toilet from a utilitarian necessity into a meaningful element, contributing to the creation of a new public, semi-public, and private space within a dynamic, adaptive environment that meets contemporary user needs.